/***********Template Starts Here***********/ #include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <cmath> #include <algorithm> #include <map> #include <queue> #include <stack> #include <vector> #include <deque> #include <functional> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include <set> #include <climits> #include <iomanip> #include <cassert> //#include <unordered_map> #define pb push_back #define nl puts ("") #define sp printf ( " " ) #define phl printf ( "hello\n" ) #define ff first #define ss second #define POPCOUNT __builtin_popcountll #define RIGHTMOST __builtin_ctzll #define LEFTMOST(x) (63-__builtin_clzll((x))) #define MP make_pair #define FOR(i,x,y) for(int i = (x) ; i <= (y) ; ++i) #define ROF(i,x,y) for(int i = (y) ; i >= (x) ; --i) #define CLR(x,y) memset(x,y,sizeof(x)) #define UNIQUE(V) (V).erase(unique((V).begin(),(V).end()),(V).end()) #define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b)) #define MAX(a,b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b)) #define NUMDIGIT(x,y) (((int)(log10((x))/log10((y))))+1) #define SQ(x) ((x)*(x)) #define ABS(x) ((x)<0?-(x):(x)) #define FABS(x) ((x)+eps<0?-(x):(x)) #define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end() #define LCM(x,y) (((x)/gcd((x),(y)))*(y)) #define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size()) #define NORM(x) if(x>=mod)x-=mod; using namespace std; typedef long long vlong; typedef unsigned long long uvlong; typedef pair < int, int > pii; typedef pair < vlong, vlong > pll; typedef vector<pii> vii; typedef vector<int> vi; const vlong inf = 2147383647; const double pi = 2 * acos ( 0.0 ); const double eps = 1e-9; #ifdef forthright48 #include <ctime> clock_t tStart = clock(); #define debug(args...) {dbg,args; cerr<<endl;} #define timeStamp printf("Execution Time: %.2fs\n", (double)(clock() - tStart)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC) #else #define debug(args...) // Just strip off all debug tokens #define timeStamp #endif struct debugger{ template<typename T> debugger& operator , (const T& v){ cerr<<v<<" "; return *this; } }dbg; //int knightDir[8][2] = { {-2,1},{-1,2},{1,2},{2,1},{2,-1},{-1,-2},{1,-2},{-2,-1} }; //int dir4[4][2] = {{-1,0},{0,1},{1,0},{0,-1}}; inline vlong gcd ( vlong a, vlong b ) { a = ABS ( a ); b = ABS ( b ); while ( b ) { a = a % b; swap ( a, b ); } return a; } vlong ext_gcd ( vlong A, vlong B, vlong *X, vlong *Y ){ vlong x2, y2, x1, y1, x, y, r2, r1, q, r; x2 = 1; y2 = 0; x1 = 0; y1 = 1; for (r2 = A, r1 = B; r1 != 0; r2 = r1, r1 = r, x2 = x1, y2 = y1, x1 = x, y1 = y ) { q = r2 / r1; r = r2 % r1; x = x2 - (q * x1); y = y2 - (q * y1); } *X = x2; *Y = y2; return r2; } inline vlong modInv ( vlong a, vlong m ) { vlong x, y; ext_gcd( a, m, &x, &y ); if ( x < 0 ) x += m; //modInv is never negative return x; } inline vlong power ( vlong a, vlong p ) { vlong res = 1, x = a; while ( p ) { if ( p & 1 ) res = ( res * x ); x = ( x * x ); p >>= 1; } return res; } inline vlong bigmod ( vlong a, vlong p, vlong m ) { vlong res = 1 % m, x = a % m; while ( p ) { if ( p & 1 ) res = ( res * x ) % m; x = ( x * x ) % m; p >>= 1; } return res; } /***********Template Ends Here***********/ /*********** Hasib Templates Starts Here**********/ #include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define loop(i, n) for(int i=0; i<(n); i++) #define sf scanf #define pf printf #define fr first #define sc second #define ll long long #define dd double #define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end() #define PI acos(-1.0) #define mem(ara, val) memset(ara, val, sizeof(ara)) #define paii pair<int, int> #define pall pair<ll, ll> #define read(nm) freopen(nm, "r", stdin) #define write(nm) freopen(nm, "w", stdout) #define vdump(x) cerr<<#x<<" = "<<x<<endl; #define dump(args...) cerr,args; cerr<<endl template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, vector<T> v) { out<<"[ "; loop(i, SZ(v)) { if(i) out<<", "; out<<v[i]; } out<<" ]"; return out; } template<typename T1, typename T2> ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, pair<T1, T2> p) { out<<"( "<<p.fr<<", "<<p.sc<<")"; return out; } template<typename T> ostream& operator,(ostream &out, T x) { out<<x<<" "; return out; } /**********Hasib Templates Ends Here**************/ /** * WARTNING for me: * Never use FOR * Never use pii, pll, vi, vi * Never use ff, ss, phl, sp, nl */ #define NODE 107 struct KUHN{ int left[NODE], right[NODE], vis[NODE], cc; vector<int> adj[NODE]; KUHN() : cc(1) { } void clear(int n) { FOR(i, 0, n) adj[i].clear(); } bool tryK(int v) { if(vis[v] == cc) return false; vis[v] = cc; loop(i, SZ(adj[v])) { int t = adj[v][i]; if(right[t] == -1) { right[t] = v; left[v] = t; return true; } } loop(i, SZ(adj[v])) { int t = adj[v][i]; if( tryK(right[t])) { right[t] = v; left[v] = t; return true; } } return false; } int match(int n) { int res = 0; bool done; CLR(left, -1); CLR(right, -1); do{ done = true; cc++; FOR(i, 0, n) { if(left[i] == -1 && tryK(i)) { done = false; } } }while(!done); FOR(i, 0, n) res += (left[i] != -1); return res; } }; vector<int>original[NODE], modified[NODE]; int orgN, modN; bool orgVisited[NODE], modVisited[NODE]; bool isMatch[NODE][NODE]; bool match(int u, int v) { orgVisited[u] = modVisited[v] = true; int uu, vv; KUHN kuhn; /// !wow! Got WA because I took kuhn as local variable, and didn't clear visited! mem(kuhn.vis, 0); kuhn.clear(NODE-1); loop(i, SZ(original[u])) { uu = original[u][i]; if(orgVisited[uu]) continue; loop(j, SZ(modified[v])) { vv = modified[v][j]; if(modVisited[vv]) continue; if(match(uu, vv)) { kuhn.adj[i].pb(j); } } } orgVisited[u] = modVisited[v] = false; int m = kuhn.match( SZ(original[u]) + 2 ); int child = SZ(original[u]) - 1; if(u == 1) child++; bool ret = (m == child); return ret; } void solve() { //mem(orgVisited, 0); /// //mem(modVisited, 0); /// bool ret = match(1, 1); if(ret) { pf("Yes\n"); } else { pf("No\n"); } } int main () { #ifdef hasibpc read("input.txt"); //write("output.txt"); #endif // hasibpc int kases, kaseno = 0; int u, v; sf("%d", &kases); while(kases--) { sf("%d", &modN); FOR(i, 0, modN) modified[i].clear(); for(int i=1; i<modN; i++) { sf("%d %d", &u, &v); //debug(u, v); modified[u].pb(v); modified[v].pb(u); } //vdump(endl); sf("%d", &orgN); FOR(i, 0, orgN) original[i].clear(); for(int i=1; i<orgN; i++) { sf("%d %d", &u, &v); //debug(u, v); original[u].pb(v); original[v].pb(u); } pf("Case %d: ", ++kaseno); solve(); } return 0; }
Category Archives: Bipartite Matching
(LightOJ) 1304 – The Best Contest Site Ever
0/***********Template Starts Here***********/ #include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <cmath> #include <algorithm> #include <map> #include <queue> #include <stack> #include <vector> #include <deque> #include <functional> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include <set> #include <climits> #include <iomanip> #include <cassert> //#include <unordered_map> #define pb push_back #define nl puts ("") #define sp printf ( " " ) #define phl printf ( "hello\n" ) #define ff first #define ss second #define POPCOUNT __builtin_popcountll #define RIGHTMOST __builtin_ctzll #define LEFTMOST(x) (63-__builtin_clzll((x))) #define MP make_pair #define FOR(i,x,y) for(int i = (x) ; i <= (y) ; ++i) #define ROF(i,x,y) for(int i = (y) ; i >= (x) ; --i) #define CLR(x,y) memset(x,y,sizeof(x)) #define UNIQUE(V) (V).erase(unique((V).begin(),(V).end()),(V).end()) #define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b)) #define MAX(a,b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b)) #define NUMDIGIT(x,y) (((int)(log10((x))/log10((y))))+1) #define SQ(x) ((x)*(x)) #define ABS(x) ((x)<0?-(x):(x)) #define FABS(x) ((x)+eps<0?-(x):(x)) #define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end() #define LCM(x,y) (((x)/gcd((x),(y)))*(y)) #define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size()) #define NORM(x) if(x>=mod)x-=mod; using namespace std; typedef long long vlong; typedef unsigned long long uvlong; typedef pair < int, int > pii; typedef pair < vlong, vlong > pll; typedef vector<pii> vii; typedef vector<int> vi; const vlong inf = 2147383647; const double pi = 2 * acos ( 0.0 ); const double eps = 1e-9; #ifdef forthright48 #include <ctime> clock_t tStart = clock(); #define debug(args...) {dbg,args; cerr<<endl;} #define timeStamp printf("Execution Time: %.2fs\n", (double)(clock() - tStart)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC) #else #define debug(args...) // Just strip off all debug tokens #define timeStamp #endif struct debugger{ template<typename T> debugger& operator , (const T& v){ cerr<<v<<" "; return *this; } }dbg; //int knightDir[8][2] = { {-2,1},{-1,2},{1,2},{2,1},{2,-1},{-1,-2},{1,-2},{-2,-1} }; //int dir4[4][2] = {{-1,0},{0,1},{1,0},{0,-1}}; inline vlong gcd ( vlong a, vlong b ) { a = ABS ( a ); b = ABS ( b ); while ( b ) { a = a % b; swap ( a, b ); } return a; } vlong ext_gcd ( vlong A, vlong B, vlong *X, vlong *Y ){ vlong x2, y2, x1, y1, x, y, r2, r1, q, r; x2 = 1; y2 = 0; x1 = 0; y1 = 1; for (r2 = A, r1 = B; r1 != 0; r2 = r1, r1 = r, x2 = x1, y2 = y1, x1 = x, y1 = y ) { q = r2 / r1; r = r2 % r1; x = x2 - (q * x1); y = y2 - (q * y1); } *X = x2; *Y = y2; return r2; } inline vlong modInv ( vlong a, vlong m ) { vlong x, y; ext_gcd( a, m, &x, &y ); if ( x < 0 ) x += m; //modInv is never negative return x; } inline vlong power ( vlong a, vlong p ) { vlong res = 1, x = a; while ( p ) { if ( p & 1 ) res = ( res * x ); x = ( x * x ); p >>= 1; } return res; } inline vlong bigmod ( vlong a, vlong p, vlong m ) { vlong res = 1 % m, x = a % m; while ( p ) { if ( p & 1 ) res = ( res * x ) % m; x = ( x * x ) % m; p >>= 1; } return res; } /***********Template Ends Here***********/ /*********** Hasib Templates Starts Here**********/ #include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define loop(i, n) for(int i=0; i<(n); i++) #define sf scanf #define pf printf #define fr first #define sc second #define ll long long #define dd double #define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end() #define PI acos(-1.0) #define mem(ara, val) memset(ara, val, sizeof(ara)) #define paii pair<int, int> #define pall pair<ll, ll> #define read(nm) freopen(nm, "r", stdin) #define write(nm) freopen(nm, "w", stdout) #define vdump(x) cerr<<#x<<" = "<<x<<endl; #define dump(args...) cerr,args; cerr<<endl template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, vector<T> v) { out<<"[ "; loop(i, SZ(v)) { if(i) out<<", "; out<<v[i]; } out<<" ]"; return out; } template<typename T1, typename T2> ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, pair<T1, T2> p) { out<<"( "<<p.fr<<", "<<p.sc<<")"; return out; } template<typename T> ostream& operator,(ostream &out, T x) { out<<x<<" "; return out; } /**********Hasib Templates Ends Here**************/ /** * WARTNING for me: * Never use FOR * Never use pii, pll, vi, vi * Never use ff, ss, phl, sp, nl */ #define NODE 5100 #define MAXX 107 struct KUHN{ int left[NODE], right[NODE], vis[NODE], cc; vector<int> adj[NODE]; KUHN() : cc(1) { } void clear(int n) { FOR(i, 0, n) adj[i].clear(); } bool tryK(int v) { if(vis[v] == cc) return false; vis[v] = cc; loop(i, SZ(adj[v])) { int t = adj[v][i]; if(right[t] == -1) { right[t] = v; left[v] = t; return true; } } loop(i, SZ(adj[v])) { int t = adj[v][i]; if( tryK(right[t])) { right[t] = v; left[v] = t; return true; } } return false; } int match(int n) { int res = 0; bool done; CLR(left, -1); CLR(right, -1); do{ done = true; cc++; FOR(i, 0, n) { if(left[i] == -1 && tryK(i)) { done = false; } } }while(!done); FOR(i, 0, n) res += (left[i] != -1); return res; } }kuhn; char grid[MAXX][MAXX]; int N, M; #define index sflajfsa paii index[MAXX][MAXX]; void solve() { int r = 0, c = 0; loop(i, N) { loop(j, M) { if(j == 0) { r++; if(grid[i][j] == '.') { index[i][j].fr = r; } } else { if(grid[i][j] == '.') { index[i][j].fr = r; } else { index[i][j].fr = -1; if(grid[i][j] == 'W' && grid[i][j-1] != 'W' ) { r++; } } } } } loop(j, M) { loop(i, N) { if(i == 0) { c++; if(grid[i][j] == '.') { index[i][j].sc = c; } } else { if(grid[i][j] == '.') { index[i][j].sc = c; } else { index[i][j].sc = -1; if(grid[i-1][j] != 'W' && grid[i][j] == 'W') { c++; } } } } } kuhn.clear(r+2); loop(i, N) { loop(j, M) { if(grid[i][j] == '.') { kuhn.adj[ index[i][j].fr ].pb( index[i][j].sc ); } } } int m = kuhn.match(r + 2); pf("%d\n", m); int u, v; loop(i, N) { loop(j, M) { if(grid[i][j] == '.') { u = index[i][j].fr; v = index[i][j].sc; if(kuhn.left[u] == v) { pf("T"); } else { pf("."); } } else { pf("%c", grid[i][j]); } } pf("\n"); } } int main() { #ifdef hasibpc read("input.txt"); //write("output.txt"); #endif int kases, kaseno = 0; sf("%d", &kases); while(kases--) { sf("%d %d", &N, &M); loop(i, N) { sf("%s", grid[i]); } pf("Case %d: ", ++kaseno); solve(); } }
(LightOJ) 1218 – Multiple Free Subset
0Step 1. Sort the array.
Step 2. Remove duplicates.
Step 3. Make a bipartite graph. There should be a connection from i to j iff i divides j.
Step 4. Start from the smallest number, and follow the next steps repeatedly.
– Remove all the multiples of this number from the graph. Remove from both sides of bipartite graph.
– Now check, if we can create exactly same size of maximum independent set as before.
– If possible, parmanently delete those multiples and push the current number into result array. If not possible, restore the previous graph.
/***********Template Starts Here***********/ #include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <cmath> #include <algorithm> #include <map> #include <queue> #include <stack> #include <vector> #include <deque> #include <functional> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include <set> #include <climits> #include <iomanip> #include <cassert> //#include <unordered_map> #define pb push_back #define nl puts ("") #define sp printf ( " " ) #define phl printf ( "hello\n" ) #define ff first #define ss second #define POPCOUNT __builtin_popcountll #define RIGHTMOST __builtin_ctzll #define LEFTMOST(x) (63-__builtin_clzll((x))) #define MP make_pair #define FOR(i,x,y) for(int i = (x) ; i <= (y) ; ++i) #define ROF(i,x,y) for(int i = (y) ; i >= (x) ; --i) #define CLR(x,y) memset(x,y,sizeof(x)) #define UNIQUE(V) (V).erase(unique((V).begin(),(V).end()),(V).end()) #define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b)) #define MAX(a,b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b)) #define NUMDIGIT(x,y) (((int)(log10((x))/log10((y))))+1) #define SQ(x) ((x)*(x)) #define ABS(x) ((x)<0?-(x):(x)) #define FABS(x) ((x)+eps<0?-(x):(x)) #define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end() #define LCM(x,y) (((x)/gcd((x),(y)))*(y)) #define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size()) #define NORM(x) if(x>=mod)x-=mod; using namespace std; typedef long long vlong; typedef unsigned long long uvlong; typedef pair < int, int > pii; typedef pair < vlong, vlong > pll; typedef vector<pii> vii; typedef vector<int> vi; const vlong inf = 2147383647; const double pi = 2 * acos ( 0.0 ); const double eps = 1e-9; #ifdef forthright48 #include <ctime> clock_t tStart = clock(); #define debug(args...) {dbg,args; cerr<<endl;} #define timeStamp printf("Execution Time: %.2fs\n", (double)(clock() - tStart)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC) #else #define debug(args...) // Just strip off all debug tokens #define timeStamp #endif struct debugger{ template<typename T> debugger& operator , (const T& v){ cerr<<v<<" "; return *this; } }dbg; //int knightDir[8][2] = { {-2,1},{-1,2},{1,2},{2,1},{2,-1},{-1,-2},{1,-2},{-2,-1} }; //int dir4[4][2] = {{-1,0},{0,1},{1,0},{0,-1}}; inline vlong gcd ( vlong a, vlong b ) { a = ABS ( a ); b = ABS ( b ); while ( b ) { a = a % b; swap ( a, b ); } return a; } vlong ext_gcd ( vlong A, vlong B, vlong *X, vlong *Y ){ vlong x2, y2, x1, y1, x, y, r2, r1, q, r; x2 = 1; y2 = 0; x1 = 0; y1 = 1; for (r2 = A, r1 = B; r1 != 0; r2 = r1, r1 = r, x2 = x1, y2 = y1, x1 = x, y1 = y ) { q = r2 / r1; r = r2 % r1; x = x2 - (q * x1); y = y2 - (q * y1); } *X = x2; *Y = y2; return r2; } inline vlong modInv ( vlong a, vlong m ) { vlong x, y; ext_gcd( a, m, &x, &y ); if ( x < 0 ) x += m; //modInv is never negative return x; } inline vlong power ( vlong a, vlong p ) { vlong res = 1, x = a; while ( p ) { if ( p & 1 ) res = ( res * x ); x = ( x * x ); p >>= 1; } return res; } inline vlong bigmod ( vlong a, vlong p, vlong m ) { vlong res = 1 % m, x = a % m; while ( p ) { if ( p & 1 ) res = ( res * x ) % m; x = ( x * x ) % m; p >>= 1; } return res; } /***********Template Ends Here***********/ /*********** Hasib Templates Starts Here**********/ #include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define loop(i, n) for(int i=0; i<(n); i++) #define sf scanf #define pf printf #define fr first #define sc second #define ll long long #define dd double #define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end() #define PI acos(-1.0) #define mem(ara, val) memset(ara, val, sizeof(ara)) #define paii pair<int, int> #define pall pair<ll, ll> #define read(nm) freopen(nm, "r", stdin) #define write(nm) freopen(nm, "w", stdout) #define vdump(x) cerr<<#x<<" = "<<x<<endl; #define dump(args...) cerr,args; cerr<<endl template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, vector<T> v) { out<<"[ "; loop(i, SZ(v)) { if(i) out<<", "; out<<v[i]; } out<<" ]"; return out; } template<typename T1, typename T2> ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, pair<T1, T2> p) { out<<"( "<<p.fr<<", "<<p.sc<<")"; return out; } template<typename T> ostream& operator,(ostream &out, T x) { out<<x<<" "; return out; } /**********Hasib Templates Ends Here**************/ /** * WARTNING for me: * Never use FOR * Never use pii, pll, vi, vi * Never use ff, ss, phl, sp, nl */ int N; vector<int>v; #define NODE 107 int mark[NODE]; struct KUHN{ int left[NODE], right[NODE], vis[NODE], cc; vector<int>adj[NODE]; KUHN() : cc(1) {} void clear(int n) { FOR(i, 0, n) adj[i].clear(); } bool tryK(int v) { if (vis[v] == cc) return false; vis[v] = cc; loop(i, SZ(adj[v])) { int t = adj[v][i]; if(mark[t]) continue; if(right[t] == -1) { right[t] = v; left[v] = t; return true; } } loop(i, SZ(adj[v])) { int t = adj[v][i]; if(mark[t]) continue; if(tryK(right[t])) { right[t] = v; left[v] = t; return true; } } return false; } int match(int n) { int res = 0; bool done; CLR(left, -1); CLR(right, -1); do{ done = true; cc++; FOR(i, 0, n) { if(mark[i]) continue; if(left[i] == -1 && tryK(i)) { done = false; } } }while(!done); FOR(i, 0, n) { if(mark[i]) continue; res += (left[i] != -1); } return res; } }kuhn; void solve() { sort(all(v)); UNIQUE(v); N = SZ(v); kuhn.clear(N + 2); loop(i, N) { for(int j=i+1; j<N; j++) { if( (v[j] % v[i]) == 0 ) { //vdump(MP(i,j)); kuhn.adj[i].pb(j); } } } mem(mark, 0); int M = N - kuhn.match(N+2); vector<int>result; int m; int prevMarked = 0; loop(i, N) { if(mark[i]) continue; m = 0; for(int j=i+1; j<N; j++) { if( (mark[j] == 0) && (v[j] % v[i] == 0) ) { mark[j] = 2; m++; } } int tmp = (N - m - prevMarked - kuhn.match(N+2)); if(tmp == M ) { result.pb(i); prevMarked += m; m = 1; } else { m = 0; } loop(i, N) { if(mark[i] == 2) { mark[i] = m; } } } loop(i, M) { pf(" %d", v[result[i]]); } pf("\n"); } int main () { #ifdef hasibpc read("input.txt"); //write("output.txt"); #endif // hasibpc int kases, kaseno = 0; sf("%d", &kases); while(kases--) { sf("%d", &N); v.resize(N); loop(i, N) { sf("%d", &v[i]); } pf("Case %d:", ++kaseno); solve(); } return 0; }
(LightOJ) 1201 – A Perfect Murder
0/* Firstly bi-colored all nodes using a simple dfs. After that all red nodes is on left side and all black nodes on the right side. Now made connection between nodes according to given edge. Result is: N - bpm. Why it works? ------------- We need to find maximum set which are not connected at all. As we calculated bpm, it's maximum flow that can run through this network. Now, we know max-flow = min-cut. Here in bipartite graph, min-cut will be applied only on the edges like source->node or node->sink (can be proven by greedy choice). Thus, min-cut means: minimum number of node to be deleted to make this graph disconnected, i.e, no flow will pass through this network after removing those node. so, (N - bpm) is maximum set size which are not connected by any edge. That's the answer. */ /***********Template Starts Here***********/ #include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <cmath> #include <algorithm> #include <map> #include <queue> #include <stack> #include <vector> #include <deque> #include <functional> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include <set> #include <climits> #include <iomanip> #include <cassert> //#include <unordered_map> #define pb push_back #define nl puts ("") #define sp printf ( " " ) #define phl printf ( "hello\n" ) #define ff first #define ss second #define POPCOUNT __builtin_popcountll #define RIGHTMOST __builtin_ctzll #define LEFTMOST(x) (63-__builtin_clzll((x))) #define MP make_pair #define FOR(i,x,y) for(int i = (x) ; i <= (y) ; ++i) #define ROF(i,x,y) for(int i = (y) ; i >= (x) ; --i) #define CLR(x,y) memset(x,y,sizeof(x)) #define UNIQUE(V) (V).erase(unique((V).begin(),(V).end()),(V).end()) #define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b)) #define MAX(a,b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b)) #define NUMDIGIT(x,y) (((int)(log10((x))/log10((y))))+1) #define SQ(x) ((x)*(x)) #define ABS(x) ((x)<0?-(x):(x)) #define FABS(x) ((x)+eps<0?-(x):(x)) #define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end() #define LCM(x,y) (((x)/gcd((x),(y)))*(y)) #define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size()) #define NORM(x) if(x>=mod)x-=mod; using namespace std; typedef long long vlong; typedef unsigned long long uvlong; typedef pair < int, int > pii; typedef pair < vlong, vlong > pll; typedef vector<pii> vii; typedef vector<int> vi; const vlong inf = 2147383647; const double pi = 2 * acos ( 0.0 ); const double eps = 1e-9; #ifdef forthright48 #include <ctime> clock_t tStart = clock(); #define debug(args...) {dbg,args; cerr<<endl;} #define timeStamp printf("Execution Time: %.2fs\n", (double)(clock() - tStart)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC) #else #define debug(args...) // Just strip off all debug tokens #define timeStamp #endif struct debugger{ template<typename T> debugger& operator , (const T& v){ cerr<<v<<" "; return *this; } }dbg; //int knightDir[8][2] = { {-2,1},{-1,2},{1,2},{2,1},{2,-1},{-1,-2},{1,-2},{-2,-1} }; //int dir4[4][2] = {{-1,0},{0,1},{1,0},{0,-1}}; inline vlong gcd ( vlong a, vlong b ) { a = ABS ( a ); b = ABS ( b ); while ( b ) { a = a % b; swap ( a, b ); } return a; } vlong ext_gcd ( vlong A, vlong B, vlong *X, vlong *Y ){ vlong x2, y2, x1, y1, x, y, r2, r1, q, r; x2 = 1; y2 = 0; x1 = 0; y1 = 1; for (r2 = A, r1 = B; r1 != 0; r2 = r1, r1 = r, x2 = x1, y2 = y1, x1 = x, y1 = y ) { q = r2 / r1; r = r2 % r1; x = x2 - (q * x1); y = y2 - (q * y1); } *X = x2; *Y = y2; return r2; } inline vlong modInv ( vlong a, vlong m ) { vlong x, y; ext_gcd( a, m, &x, &y ); if ( x < 0 ) x += m; //modInv is never negative return x; } inline vlong power ( vlong a, vlong p ) { vlong res = 1, x = a; while ( p ) { if ( p & 1 ) res = ( res * x ); x = ( x * x ); p >>= 1; } return res; } inline vlong bigmod ( vlong a, vlong p, vlong m ) { vlong res = 1 % m, x = a % m; while ( p ) { if ( p & 1 ) res = ( res * x ) % m; x = ( x * x ) % m; p >>= 1; } return res; } /***********Template Ends Here***********/ /*********** Hasib Templates Starts Here**********/ #include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define loop(i, n) for(int i=0; i<(n); i++) #define sf scanf #define pf printf #define fr first #define sc second #define ll long long #define dd double #define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end() #define PI acos(-1.0) #define mem(ara, val) memset(ara, val, sizeof(ara)) #define paii pair<int, int> #define pall pair<ll, ll> #define read(nm) freopen(nm, "r", stdin) #define write(nm) freopen(nm, "w", stdout) #define vdump(x) cerr<<#x<<" = "<<x<<endl; #define dump(args...) cerr,args; cerr<<endl template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, vector<T> v) { out<<"[ "; loop(i, SZ(v)) { if(i) out<<", "; out<<v[i]; } out<<" ]"; return out; } template<typename T1, typename T2> ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, pair<T1, T2> p) { out<<"( "<<p.fr<<", "<<p.sc<<")"; return out; } template<typename T> ostream& operator,(ostream &out, T x) { out<<x<<" "; return out; } /**********Hasib Templates Ends Here**************/ /** * WARTNING for me: * Never use FOR * Never use pii, pll, vi, vi * Never use ff, ss, phl, sp, nl */ #define NODE 1007 #define MAXX NODE struct KUHN{ int left[NODE], right[NODE], vis[NODE], cc; vector<int> adj[NODE]; KUHN() : cc(1) {} void clear( int n ) { FOR(i,0,n) adj[i].clear(); } bool tryK ( int v ) { if ( vis[v] == cc ) return false; vis[v] = cc; for ( int i = 0; i < SZ(adj[v]); i++ ) { int t = adj[v][i]; if ( right[t] == -1 ) { right[t] = v; left[v] = t; return true; } } for ( int i = 0; i < SZ(adj[v]); i++ ) { int t = adj[v][i]; if ( tryK ( right[t] ) ) { right[t] = v; left[v] = t; return true; } } return false; } int match(int n) { int res = 0; bool done; CLR(left,-1); CLR(right,-1); do { done = true; cc++; FOR(i,0,n) { if(left[i]==-1 && tryK(i)) { done = false; } } } while(!done); FOR(i,0,n) res += (left[i]!=-1); return res; } }kuhn; vector<int>graph[MAXX]; int N, M; int color[MAXX]; void init() { for(int i=1; i<=N; i++) { graph[i].clear(); kuhn.adj[i].clear(); color[i] = -1; } } void dfs(int u, int c) { color[u] = c; int v; loop(i, SZ(graph[u])) { v = graph[u][i]; if(color[v] == -1) { dfs(v, c ^ 1); } } return; } int solve() { for(int i=1; i<=N; i++) { if(color[i] == -1) { dfs(i, 0); } } for(int i=1; i<=N; i++) { if(color[i] == 0) { loop(j, SZ(graph[i])) { kuhn.adj[i].pb(graph[i][j]); } } } return N - kuhn.match(N); } int main () { #ifdef hasibpc //read("input.txt"); //write("output.txt"); #endif // hasibpc int kases, kaseno = 0; int a, b; sf("%d", &kases); while(kases--) { sf("%d %d", &N, &M); init(); while(M--) { sf("%d %d", &a, &b); graph[a].pb(b); graph[b].pb(a); } pf("Case %d: %d\n", ++kaseno, solve()); } return 0; }